Adenovirus 14 (Ad14)

Adenovirus 14 (Ad14) facts

• Adenovirus 14 (Ad14) is termed the killer cold virus because of the high incidence of hospitalizations and deaths attributed to the viral strain.
• Ad14 viruses are passed person to person or picked up from items touched by infected people and then initially invade cells in the eye, nose, or mouth that subsequently allow further spread to other body organs.
• Symptoms and signs resemble those of a cold (cough, runny nose, mild fever) for about three to five days; the majority of people clear the disease, but up to about 40% may need hospitalization with severe symptoms of pneumonia, and shortness of breath; other organ related symptoms may develop such as eye, bladder, and GI problems.
• Ad14 is presumptively diagnosed by history, physical exam, X-ray, and in association with other Ad14-diagnosed patients in the community; definitive diagnosis is completed with isolation of the virus from the patient, a rising titer of antibodies against Ad14, immunofluorescence of Ad14 virus particles in tissues, or fluids and PCR tests.
• Treatments are mainly supportive; antivirals have been used by some clinicians but there are no studies that prove efficacy, only case reports.
• Complications of Ad14 are related to the severity of infection; the majority of patients have no complications but hospitalized patients may have mild to serious complications which are related to the organ system most damaged (eyes, GI tract, bladder and most notably, lung problems such as ARDS that may lead to death).
• The majority of patients have an excellent prognosis; however, about 40% of infected patients may have a wide range of suboptimal outcomes, depending on the severity of the Ad14 infection.
• Ad14 infections can be reduced or prevented by careful hygiene methods; there is no vaccine currently available against Ad14.

dangerous virus

Here are eight of the deadliest viruses the world has ever seen.

1. Ebola

Its melodic moniker may roll off the tongue, but if you contract the virus (above), that's not the only thing that will roll off one of your body parts (a disturbing amount of blood coming out of your eyes, for instance). Four of the five known Ebola viral strains cause Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), which has killed thousands of people in sub-Saharan African nations since its discovery in 1976.
The deadly virus is named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo where it was first reported, and is classified as a CDC Biosafety Level 4, a.k.a. BSL-4, making it one of the most dangerous pathogens on the planet. It is thought to spread through close contact with bodily secretions. EHF has a 50 to 90 percent mortality rate, with a rapid onset of symptoms that start with a headache and sore throat and progress to major internal and external bleeding and multiple organ failure. There’s no known cure, and the most recent cases were reported at the end of 2012 in Uganda.

herpes simplex infection? / Infeksi mata herpes simpleks

Herpes simplex eye infection is caused by a type of herpes simplex virus. An episode often clears without any permanent problem. However, in some cases the infection causes scarring to the cornea. This can lead to permanent loss of vision. Prompt treatment with antiviral eye ointment or drops helps to prevent corneal scarring.
There are two types of herpes simplex virus. Type 1 virus is the usual cause of cold sores around the mouth, and herpes simplex infection in the eye. Type 2 virus is the usual cause of genital herpes. It rarely causes cold sores or eye infections.

The first time you are infected is called the primary infection. Many people become infected with this virus, often during childhood. (The herpes simplex virus can pass through the moist skin that lines the mouth. It is commonly passed on by close contact such as kisses from a family member who has a cold sore.) In many people the primary infection does not cause any symptoms, although in some cases symptoms do occur.

Following the primary infection, the virus stays with you for life. It stays inactive (dormant) in the root of a nerve in the face (the trigeminal nerve).

• In many people, the virus remains permanently inactive and causes no problems.
• In some people, the virus activates and multiplies from time to time. Virus particles then travel down the nerve to cause episodes of active infection with symptoms.
  • In most of these cases, the virus travels down a branch of the nerve to the mouth to cause cold sores. (See leaflet called 'Cold Sores' for details.)
  • In some of these cases, the virus travels down a branch of the nerve to the eye to cause episodes of active eye infection. The rest of this leaflet is about herpes simplex infection of the eye.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious form of pneumonia. It is caused by a virus that was first identified in 2003. Infection with the SARS virus causes  acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty) and sometimes death.  
SARS is a dramatic example of how quickly world travel can spread a disease. It is also an example of how quickly a connected health system can respond to a new health threat.

MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)

MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) is a severe pneumonia-like respiratory disease caused by a virus
Pneumonia is a general term for an inflammation of the air sacs of the lungs caused by an infection or chemical. With pneumonia, the lungs fill with fluid, which interferes with their ability to transfer oxygen to the blood. MERS is known as an atypical pneumonia because it is not caused by the usual bacteria or viruses.
MERS causes high fever, cough, and severe shortness of breath. The infection is thought to be spread by close contact with an infected person.

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